|
aleqsandre
vasilis-Ze suvorovi daibada moskoveli didebulis ojaxSi. mamamisi
vasili ivanes Ze suvorovi general-anSefi iyo. aleqsandre suvorovi
izrdeboda ise, rogorc im
periodis didebulis vaJi. vasili suvorovis saxlSi mSvenieri saojaxo biblioTeka
iyo da momavali feldmarSali iq TavisTvis bevr saintereso wigns
poulobda: plutarqes, kornelius
nepots, homeross, iulius
keisars. man Seiswavla es SesaniSnavi wignebi,
romlebic mas momavalSi Zalian gamoadga. gansakuTrebiT
ymawvilze hanibalma imoqmeda da suvorovs Zalian moewona sardali,
romelmac lamis muxlebze dasca mTeli romis imperia.
aleqsandre
suvorovi
(jozef
krecingeris naxati, 1799) |
aleqsandre
suvorovis babua ivane suvorovi preobraJenskis polkis leib-gvardiaSi
msaxurobda. suvorovis deda, evdokia
suvorova (gaTxovebamde manukova) garusebuli somxebis ojaxidan iyo. man
mSvenivrad icoda somxuri da rusuli eposi da axalgazrda suvorovma
misgan bevri ram iswavla. misi
damsaxurebi iyo isic, rom
suvorovma iswavla kargi laparaki, hqonda
iumoris SesaniSnavi grZnoba, kargad
icnobda legendebs da miTebs. es
daexmara suvorovs maSin, rodesac
werda: “gamarjvebis mecnierebas, “suzdalur
Canawerebs”, bevr werilebs da patara moTxrobebs. axalgazrda
suvorovi gamxdari da avadmyofuri aRnagobisa iyo, amitom
mama misTvis samoqalaqo karieris mowyobas apirebda, magram suvorovs
surda samxedro gamosuliyo.
1742
wels
is Cairicxa semionovskis polkSi rigiT jariskacad. suvorovma
moaxerxa, Tavi formaSi moiyvana da momagrda. is kargi jariskaci
gamovida. 1754
wels
oficeri gaxda. sabrZolo naTloba ki Svidwliani omis dros
miiRo(1756-1763). ruseTi
im dros prusias ebrZoda. ruseTisa da prusiis jarebi farTo frontad
iyvnen gaSlili aRmosavleT evropaSi. armiebi sastiki brZolebisaTvis
emzadebodnen. manam ki wvril-wvril Tavdasxmebs awyobdnen erTmaneTze.
suvorovs kazakTa aseuli
misces da ubrZanes prusielebisTvis eTvalTvala. im korpusidan sadac
suvorovi msaxurobda axlos iyo prusuli qalaqi landsbergi. es patara,
magram mniSvnelovani qalaqi iyo. suvorovma am qalaqis aReba scada.
rodesac aseulis meTaurma sTxova, rom is mainc gaegoT ramdeni
prusieli icavda qalaqs, suvorovma upasuxa:”Cven imisTvis movediT,
rom ki ar viTvaloT, gavanadguroT”. man
moaxerxa am qalaqis dakaveba.
suvorovma
monawileoba miiRo kundensdorfis brZolaSi da berlinis aRebaSi 1759
wels
. 1761
wels
is ufro mozrdil danayofs sardlobda, sadac mamac da Wkvian mxedrad
iTvleboda. 1762
wels
suvorovi astraxanis qveiTi polkis meTaurad daniSnes, xolo 1763
wels
suzdalis polkis. suvorovs prusiasTan omma bevri ram aswavla. ruseTi
xom fridrix II-is, gamoCenili
sardlis winaaRmdeg ibrZoda. 1768
wels
suvorovi suzdalis polki poloneli konfederatebis winaaRmdeg
gaigzavna. aq man gamarjvebebs miaRwia landskronTan da
stoloviCasTan, ruseTis jarma daikava krakovi (1772 wlis 15 aprili).
poloneTis omSi aman didi Sedegi moitana. peterburgSi dabrunebisas
ukve general-maioris CiniT, ruseT-SvedeTis sazRvarze gaigzavna. Semdeg
dunais armiaSi imsaxura, romelsac generali petre aleqsandres Ze
rumiancev-zadunaiski sardlobda. 1773
wels
suvorovma Turqebis cixe-simagre turtukai aiRo. rumiancevs armia
Setevaze ar gadahyavda. .marTalia rusebma largas da kagulis brZolebi
moiges, magram Semdeg
droebiT Seferxdnen. suvorovma
mTavarsardlis brZanebis gareSe wamoiwyo mterTan brZola. man
Zlieri ieriSiT aiRo turtukai. brZanebis
SeusruleblobisTvis gagulisebulma rumincevma misi samsaxuridan
ganTavisufleba moindoma, magram
dedofalma ekaterine II-m uari uTxra. ramdenime dReSi suvorovma kidev
erTi gamarjveba moipova: imave
wlis sam seqtembers man Turqebi girsovosTan daamarcxa. 1774
wlis 9 ivniss ki gadamwyveti gamarjveba moipova kozlujesTan
brZolaSi. suvorovis gamarjvebebma didi gavlena moaxdina omis
msvelobaze da quCuk-kainarjis zavis dadebaze. TurqeTTan omis Semdeg
suvorovi msaxurobda general petre ivanes Ze paninTan, romelic
ajanyebul kazak emiliane pugaCovTan brZoliT iyo
dakavebuli(1773-1775). 1779
wels
is yubanisa da yirimis jarebs sardlobda, icavda
tavridis naxevarkunZuls TurqeTis desantis SesaZlo Tavdasxmisagan.
1779
wels
suvorovma malorosiis diviziis
sardloba
miiRo xolo 1782
wels
yubanis korpusisa. ruseTisa
da yirimis gaerTianebis Semdeg, suvorovs
nogais TaTrebi unda daepyro, rac mas ar gaZnelebia. 1786
wels
is general-anSefi gaxda da kremenCugis divizias Caudga saTaveSi. ruseT-TurqeTis
omis
(1787-1791) dros suvorovi korpuss sardlobda sardlobda.
erTxel mas unda daecva cixesimagre kinburni. es
simagre metad mniSvenelovani iyo. marcniv
Savi zRva, win viwro qviSiani meCeCi, marjvniv
dnepropetrovski. suvorovs
ar unda mieca TurqebisaTvis saSuleba dnepropetrovskis limanSi
Sesuliyvnen. Turqebma
ormocdaTeqvsmeti xomaldi miayenes kinburnis naxevarkunZuls da cecxli
dauSines rusebs. Semdeg jari gadmosxes sanapiroze. frangi oficrebic
exmarebodnen Turqebs. rodesac es xdeboda suvorovi eklesiaSi iyo da
loculobda. mas
Seatyobines Turqebis desantis Sesaxeb da generalmac jars saswrafod
momzadeba ubrZana. kazakebi
da jariskacebi medgrad ibrZodnen. Turqebi
suvorovs Tofal faSas (koWli faSa) uwodebdnen imis gamo, rom im dros
fexi stkioda da koWlobda. brZolis dros suvorovi daiWra, magram manam
moaxerxa Warbi mtris Sekaveba sanam maSveli razmebi ar movidnen.
rusebma kontrSeteva moawyves da Turqebs ukan daaxevines. suvorovma
kidev erTxel gaimarjva. Semdeg
suvorovma oCakovi aiRo (1788). oCakovis
brZolis dros rusTa armias petre potiomkini meTaurobda. rodesac
Turqebi cixidan gamouxtnen rusTa erT razms da TiTqmis mTlianad
mosres, suvorovma jari
Setevaze gadaiyvana. Turqebi
gaiqcnen. rus sardals
surda gahkideboda da oCakovSi SeWriliyo,
magram potiomkini ar daexmara erTi razmiTac ki da ukandaxeva
ubrZana. potiomkini
saocrad gaubedavad moqmedebda da rusebi Setevaze ar gadadiodnen.
male mTavarsardali iZulebuli gaxda oCakovis Sturmi daewyo. rusebma
cixe aiRes da didi nadavli igdes xelT.
1789
wels
repninis armiis diviziiT SeebrZola Turqebs foqSanTan brZolaSi. maSin
rusebis mxares avstrielebi ibrZodnen. isinic TurqeTTan omis
mdgomareobaSi imyofebodnen. maTi
meTauri princi fridrix iosia koburgi iyo, romelsac 18000 meomari
hyavda. Turqebs osman-faSa meTaurobda da mas 30000-iani armia
hyavda. rusebi da avstrielebi erToblivi ZalebiT daesxnen Turqebis
banaks Tavs da gaanadgures. brZolis dros Turqebma ise ganalages
artileria, rom maT
ukan Waobi moeqca riTac mters zurgidan Semotevis SesaZlebloba
mouspes. winidan rusebi ver Seutevdnen, radgan TurqTa artileria
uzarmazar zarals ayenebdaT. miuxedavad amisa suvorovs Waobis ar
SeSinebia da jariskacebi masze mainc gadaiyvana. rusebma Turqebis
zarbaznebi xelT igdes. foqSanis Semdeg suvorovi osmaleTis imperiis
Zalebs rimnikTan Seeba( 1789 wlis 22 seqtemberi).
rus
sardals jari Zalian swrafad dahyavda. uyvarda
mterze moulodnelad Tavdasxma. rimnikTanac ase moxda. rimniki
patara qalaqi iyo. mis
maxloblad TurqeTis asiaTasiani armia ganlagda, didi
vaziris da serasqeris iusuf-faSas meTaurobiT. suvorovi ocdaxuT
aTasian rusul-avstriul jars sardlobda. Turqebi
darwmunebulebi iyvnen TavianT gamarjvebaSi da didi sifxizle ar
gamouCeniaT, udardelad
iyvnen. rusebi da
avstrielebi gamTeniisas moulodnelad daesxnen Tavs, xiStebiT
wamovidnen. Turqebi sastikad damarcxdnen, TiTqmis ociaTasi kaci
dakarges, amaTgan didi nawili mdinareSi daixrCo. rusebma
da avstrielebma sul Svidasi-rvaasi. suvorovma
am brZolebSi gamarjvebisTvis wm. giorgis
I xarisxis ordeni miiRo, avstriis
imperatorisgan ki saRvTo romis imperiis grafoba.
1790
wlis dekemberSi suvorovma alya Semoartya TurqTa mniSvnelovan
cixe-simagres izmails. suvorovis moRvaweobaSi es erT-erT yvelaze
mniSvnelovani brZolaa da ufro dawvrilebiT aRweras moiTxovs.. am
cixes ocdaTxuTmet aTasamde jariskaci da orasi zarbazani icavda. amas
garda mis garSemo Rrma Txrilic iyo gaTxrili da didi miwayrili
azvinuli. cixis kedlebis
sigrZe eqvsi versis sigrZeze iyo gaWimuli. ver
aeRoT rus sardlebs izmaili. aq
iyvnen potiomkini da kutuzovic. suvorovma
miwayrilis gakeTeba brZana da jariskacebi masze asvlaSi avarjiSa.
aswavlida rogor unda acocebuliyvnen. Turqebs mZlavri cixe
hqondaT”ordukalesi”(samxedro cixesimagre”ase eZaxdnen Turqebi
izmails). is 1774
wels
germaneli da frangi inJinerebis mier iyo ganaxlebuli. simaRle
6-dan 8 metramde hqonda. dasavleT
mxares Zvel cixes eZaxdnen, aRmosavleT mxares_axals. samxreTidan
cixes mdinare dunai icavda, romelic
am monakveTze TiTqmis naxevarkilometriani siganisa iyo. ruseTis
armia ocdaerT aTas jariskacs Seadgenda. rusebs eqvsasi zarbazani
hqondaT, magram saalyo artileria ar gaaCndaT. savele
artilerias ki sabrZolo masalebi aklda, miuxedavad
amisa suvorovma cixis Sturmi moisurva. suvorovis dispozicias
warmoadgenda is, rom
rusebis sam kolonas sxvadasxva mxridan unda Seetia. TiToeul
am armiaSi sami kolona iqneboda. CrdiloeTidan
da dasavleTidan general-maiorebis: lvovis, lasis
da meknobis kolonebi idgnen general-poruCikis saerTo
xelmZRvanelobiT. aRmosavleT
mxridan general-maior kutuzovis, brigadirebis
platovis da orlovis kolonebi idgnen general-poruCik samoilovis
xelmZRvanelobiT. dunais
mxridan sam kolonas de ribasi meTaurobda (cxra aTasi kaci flotiliis
navebSi da xomaldebSi. mTavari
dartyma unda ganexorcielebinaT de ribasis flotilias da samoilovis
kolonebs. am jaris
nawilebSi suvorovma yvelaze meti jariskaci ganalaga. 2500
kaciani kavaleria brigadir vestfalenis xelmZRvanelobiT rezervs
warmoadgenda.
10
dekembridan daiwyo cixis dabombva xmeleTidan da mdinaridan, meore
dRis 5 saaTsa da 30 wuTze armiam Sturmis brZaneba miiRo, brZola
cixis bastionebis dasakaveblad dilis rva saaTamde gagrZelda. TurqTa
garnizonma didi winaaRmdegoba gauwia rusebs, yvelaze Zalian meoTxe
da mexuTe korpusi zaraldeboda. es
jaris nawilebi cudad SeiaraRebuli kazakebisgan iyo Sedgenili, meoTxe
korpusis avangardma georgievskis kavaleris vasili orlovis meTaurobiT
erTi bastioni daikaves. Turqebma
maT flangidan Seuties da undodaT kolonidan moewyvitaT maTi nawili. Turqi
ianiCarebis winaaRmdeg kazakTa Subebi verafers gaxda da mravali
kazaki ianiCaris xmliT daiRupa, brZolis
sxva seqtorebzec rusebs Zalian uWirdaT, radgan
ricxvmravali mowinaaRmdege Zlier winaaRmdegobas uwevdaT, didi
Zalisxmevis da mTeli Zalebis daZabvis Sedegad rusebma upiratesoba
moipoves da Turqebi Seaviwroves. male
rusebi cixeSi SeiWrnen. gamarjveba
sruli iyo. cixesimagridan
mxolod erTi Turqi wavida uvnebeli da stambulSi damarcxebis ambavi
waiRo.
1794
wlis maisSi suvorovi poloneTis ajanyebis CasaxSobad gagzavnes, agvistos
pirvel naxevramde general-anSef repninis armia sul oTxnaxevar aTas
jariskacs warmoadgenda, es
jaris nawili poloneTSi gaigzavna, suvorovis
jaris raodenoba TerTmeti aTasamde gaizarda, eqvs
dReSi suvorovma mterze oTxi gamarjveba moipova:divinTan, kobrinTan,
krupCicis monasterTan da
brestTan. gauwvrTnelma
da cudad SeiaraRebulma polonelebma didi zarali naxes am brZolebSi. 10
oqtombers ajanyebis meTauri TadeuS kostiuSko tyved Caigdo ferzenis
razmma, romelic suvorovs
SeuerTda. suvorovis
Zalebi 17000-mde gaizarda da generali varSavisken daiZra. mtris
Sesaxvedrad rusma mTavarsardalma general maienis razmi gagzavna, romelic
5560 jariskacisgan da 9 zarbaznisgan Sedgeboda, am
razmma kobilkesTan daamarcxa poloneli ajanyebulebi. polonelTa
nawilma praResken daixia, vislis
meore sanapiroze. suvorovi
25000 jariskaciT da 86 zarbazniT miadga praRas da kedlebis dabombva
daiwyo. male rusebi
Setevaze gadavidnen da polonelebs kapitulaciis gamocxadeba aiZules.
. rusebi qalaqSi
SeiWrnen, isini aravis indobdnen da yvelas xocavdnen. “am
xocva-Jletvis gamo suvorovma sastiki mTavarsardlis saxeli
daimsaxura. brZolis
dasrulebis Semdeg varSavis magistratma suvorovs pur-marili da
qalaqis gasaRebi miarTva. suvorovma
dedofal ekaterine II-s mxolod sami sityvisgan Sedgenili werili
gaugzavna:”vaSa, varSava Cvenia”(rogorc Tavis droze keisarma
gagzavna romSi sam sityviani werili:”mivedi, vnaxe,
gavimarjve”(veni, vidi, vici)farnake pontoelze gamarjvebis
mopovebis Semdeg)dedoflis pasuxic samsityviani gamodga:”ura,
feldmarSal suvorovs”. varSavis
aRebisaTvis ekaterine II-m suvorovs umaRlesi samxedro wodeba, feldmarSali
mianiWa. amas garda
suvorovma sxva bevri jildoc miiRo. 1795
wels
suvorovi mTeli ruseTis armiis xelmZRvaneli iyo poloneTSi(80000
jariskaci). am periodSi
dawera man Tavisi”gamarjvebis mecniereba”. am wignSi kargad Cans
suvorovis damokidebuleba samxedro wesebisadmi, man TviTon
Camoayaliba suvorovuli aRzrdis wesebi, romlis mixedviTac
jariskacebi”gamarjvebis mecnierebis saSualebiT unda gaewvrTnaT.
maTTvis es wigni unda eswavlebinaT.
aleqsandre
suvorovi
(n.
avakumovis naxati, 1941) |
1796
wels
gardaicvala ekaterine II da taxtze misi vaJi pavle I avida. pavles
yvelaferi germanuli moswonda da amitom ruseTis armiis gardaqmna
moindoma prusiul variantze. jariskacebs
aiZulebdnen grZeli Tma etarebinaT, safeTqlebTan
qeCis kavebi daewebebinaT, fqviliT
gaepudraT Tmebi. meomrebs
Tofis mizanSi srolas da xiStiT brZolas ufro naklebad aswavlidnen
vidre marSze zusti gamozomili nabijebiT siaruls da zust manevrebs. suvorovis
azriT aseTi armia aRlumisTvis ufro iyo gamosadeqi vidre brZolisTvis,
Tvlida suvorovi. aleqsandre suvorovs ar moswonda germanuli
wesebi da ruseTis armiis gardaqmnas ewinaaRmdegeboda. moxucma
feldmarSalma mefis guliswyroma daimsaxura da amis gamo sofel
konCaskoeSi gadaasaxles. germanuli
armiis wesebis Sesaxeb man Tqva:~pudri Tofis wamali ar aris, kavi-zarbazani,
dalali-xanjali.~
ruseTs
da mTlianad evropas male dasWirdaT Wirveuli moxucis daxmareba,
romelic gadayruebul sofel konCaskoeSi cxovrobda.
1798
wels
meore antifrangulma koaliciam (didi britaneTi, avstria, TurqeTi,
neapolis samefo)daiyolia ruseTi SeerTeboda maT da erTad ebrZolaT
safrangeTis respublikis winaaRmdeg. mokavSireTa
gegmis mixedviT saxmeleTo operacia unda ewarmoebina ruseT-avstriis
gaerTianebul jars, romlis
mTavarsardali suvorovi unda yofiliyo. pavle
I-ma suvorovs fligel-adiutanti tolbuxini gaugzavna da jarSi miiwvia.
ruseTSi didi
miTqma-moTqma gamoiwvia napoleonis italiurma laSqrobam(1796-1797), romlis
drosac frangebma avstriis imperia sastikad daamarcxes da italiis
didi nawili daikaves. napoleoni
am droisaTvis, rodesac
mokavSireebi italiaSi SeWras apirebdnen, egvipteSi
ibrZoda mamluqebis, Turqebis
da ingliselebis winaaRmdeg. amitom
koaliciam kargi dro SearCia Tavdasasxmelad. safrangeTis
armiis saTaveSi kargi generlebi: Jan viqtor moro, bartlomeo
Sereri, batrelemi
Juberi, etien makdonaldi da andre masena idgnen. suvorovi
gegmebs awyobda Tu rogor emoqmeda axali nimuSis revoluciuri armiis
winaaRmdeg. suvorovma
Seadgina wesebi romliTac meTaurs Seteva unda ewarmoebina.
frangebis
armiis ricxovnoba CrdiloeT italiaSi 58000-s aRwevda da mas generali
Sereri xelmZRvanelobda. neapolSi
(centralur da samxreT italiaSi) 34000-ian armias generali makdonaldi
meTaurobda. SveicariaSi
helveciis armia idga (30000 jariskaci) general masenas meTaurobiT.
antifrangul koalicias 86000-iani armia hyavda feldmarSal melasis
meTaurobiT da 22000-iani rusuli korpusi general andrei rozenbergis
meTaurobiT(CrdiloeT italiaSi). amas
garda zRvaSi rusuli eskadra idga admiral Teodor uSakovis meTaurobiT.
kidev erTi rusuli
TerTmet aTasiani korpusi maqsim vladimiris Ze rexbinderis meTaurobiT
mogvianebiT movida.
suvorovi
venaSi martSi Cavida. 15
aprils is veronaSi iyo da armias brZolebisaTvis wvrTnida. man
germanulad aTargmnina Tavisi wigni”gamarjvebis mecniereba”da
avstrielebsac Seaswavla igi. suvorovma
laSqroba maSinve daiwyo, rogorc
ki mis armias iakob ivanes Ze povalo-Seikovskis divizia SeuerTda. 22
aprils man breSias cixe aiRo. 26-27
aprils mdinare adasTan frangebi general moros xelmZRvanelobiT
damarcxdnen da ukuiqcnen(frangebma 2500-mde jariskaci dakarges
mokavSireebma ki 2000-mde). amas
garda frangebma artileriis nawilic dakarges. gamarjvebis
Semdeg suvorovi milanisken daiZra, romelSic
brZolis gareSe Sevida 18 aprils.
suvorovi
milanSi
(adolf
Sarlemanis naxati, 1850) |
20
aprils suvorovis jari mdinare posken daiZra, raTa
ar daeSva morosa da makdonaldis armiebis gaerTianeba. mokavSireebma
moaxerxes da franguli armiebis gaerTianeba ar dauSves. 15
maiss suvorovma turini aiRo. frangTa
jarma samxreTisken daixia. maT
mxolod ramdenime garnizoniT gamagrebuli cixe datoves mtris
Sesaferxeblad (mantua, koni da a. S). frangebma
miiRes gadawyvetileba, rom
suvorovisTvis genuis regionidan daertyaT makdonaldis armiiT(36000)
neapolidan da moros armiiT(14000) genuidan.
suvorovma moros winaaRmdeg jaris nawili datova da TviTon
makdonaldis winaaRmdeg daiZra. ori
armia erTmaneTs mdinare trebiasTan Sexvda 6 ivniss. sisxlismRvreli
brZola gaCaRda. feldmarSali
TviTon xelmZRvanelobda brZolas da Tvals adevnebda mis msvlelobas. mcirericxovani
frangebi mainc mamacurad ibrZodnen. rusTa
zogierTma polkma mters zurgi aqcia kidec. suvorovma
armiis brZolaSi mibruneba moaxerxa. sami
dRe gagrZelda brZola mdinare trebiaze da gamarjveba mokavSireTa
mravalricxovan jars darCa. suvorovs
Zalian moswonda Zveli karTageneli mTavarsardali hanibali, romelmac
romaelebze gamarjveba swored trebiaze moipova Zv.w 218
wels
. axalgazrdobaSi
suvorovi ocnebobda hanibaliviT daemarcxebina mteri da jari alpebze
gadaeyvana, mas es
ocneba auxda. saerTod
suvorovis laSqroba alpebSi garkveulwilad TiTqos hanibalisas
mogvagonebs. trebias
brZola hanibalmac da suvorovmac warmatebulad Caatares da gamarjvebas
miaRwies. makdonaldma
genuisken daixia. iq
Cavida moros jaric. ivlisis
bolosTvis gaerTianebulma frangulma jarma,
generali
Juberis meTaurobiT genuidan SeteviTi operacia daiwyo. maTi
mizani iyo alesandria, sadac
mokavSireTa armiis mTavar Zalebs moeyaraT Tavi. mowinaaRmdegeTa
armiebi erTmaneTs qalaq novisTan Sexvdnen. generalma Juberma moro
armiaSi datova da mis rCevebsac yuradRebas aqcevda. moroc
axalgazrda generals yvelanairad exmareboda. safrangeTis
armia or did masad iyofoda: marcxena frTas perinioni sardlobda, is
Sedgeboda gruSisa da lemuanis diviziebisgan, partunos
da klozelis qveiTi brigadisgan da riSpansas kavaleriuli brigadisgan.
marjvena flangs guvion
sen-siri sardlobda, is
Sedgeboda vetrenis, labuasesa
da dombrovskis diviziebisgan da kolis diviziisgan, amas
garda marjvena flangs hyavda 2800-mde jariskaci rezervSi. saSualod
franguli armia 35000-s ar aWarbebda. Juberma
da morom armia qalaq novisTan ganalages,
suvorovma
gadawyvita mters gaSlil velze dalodeboda, radgan
kargad gamoeyenebina Tavisi mravalricxovani kavaleria. suvorovma
jarisTvis poziciebi SearCia. armia Cveulebrivad ganalaga da mters
pirveli nabijis gadadgmis saSualeba misca. krais,
otis, belgardis,
derfeldenis, fersteris,
Sveikovskis, melasis,
lixtenSteinis da
frelixis meTaurobiT 45000-iani koaliciis armia frangebs eloda. amas
garda generali rozenbergis da kidev ramodenime sxva generlis Zalebi
frangTa simagreebis asaRebad da qalaqebis dasakaveblad iyo
gagzavnili. mTlianad am
nawilebiana mokavSireTa jari 60000-s aRwevda. brZola daiwyo, Juberi
maSinve brZolis adgilas aRmoCnda.
mcire xanSi is sasikvdilod daiWra. misi
ukanaskneli sityvebi iyo”win, Setevaze”. suvorovs
Juberis sikvdili ar awyobda radgan
surda frangebi velze gamoetyuebina avstrielTa saSualebiT. generalma
morom gaamagra Tavisi flangi da kategoriulad aRkveTa Setevaze
gadasvlis gegma.
general
krais gauWirda, radgan
frangebma mis winaaRmdeg mebrZol flangs jari miaSveles. kraim
adiutanti gagzavna general bagrationTan, raTa
mas Tavisi jari mis dasaxmareblad daeZra. bagrationma
uari Tqva, mas
suvorovisgan ar miuRia aseTi brZaneba, mas sxva davaleba hqonda. suvorovs
surda frangebs centri daesustebinaT da Semdeg swored am adgilas
daartyamda jaris didi nawiliT. dilis
cxra saaTisTvis krai ukve meored ukuagdes. roca
igrZno, rom gadamwyveti
wuTi movida, suvorovma
bagrationi da miloradoviCi mtris centrisken, qalaq
novisken gagzavna. mokavSireebma
mtris tyviebis da yumbarebis cecxlSi gaiares, magram
maT win qvis kedlebi aRimarTa, romelsac
rusuli msubuqi zarbazani verafers aklebda. maSin
bagrationma oTxi batalioniT daiwyo qalaqis aRmosavleTidan Semovla. magram
rusebs aq vetrenis frangTa divizia daxvdaT, romelmac
isini ukuagdo. miloradoviCis
da bagrationis meore Setevasac ar hqonia warmateba. suvorovi
TviTon Caudga saTaveSi derfeldenis divizias da frangTa centrisken
daZra. rusTa mesame
Setevac ki ukugdebuli iqna. novis
garnizonis meTaurma generalma gardanma Zlieri winaaRmdegoba gauwia
mters, am brZolaSi man
mTavarsardlobis didi unari gamoavlina. rusebis
Setevas is findixiT Sexvda, Semdeg
ki mcire Setevebs awyobda xiStebiT. respublikis
jariskacebi gaafTrebiT ibrZodnen.
generali
moro yvelaze saSiS adgilebSi Cndeboda. mas
moukles cxeni, mundiri
ki tyviebiT hqonda dafleTili. frangi
meTaurebi tols ar udebdnen Tavis mTavarsardals da jari piradad
gadahyavdaT xiStebiT an kavaleriul Setevaze. feldmarSali
suvorovi mTeli dRe brZolaSi iyo. is
amxnevebda jariskacebs da Setevaze gadahyavda mTeli polkebi da
diviziebi. rusebi
Setevaze ki gadadiodnen, magram
frangebi ukan axevinebdnen. saSineli
sicxe iyo. .
12
saaTisaTvis brZolis bedi jer kidev gaurkveveli iyo, orive
mxarem amowura Tavisi Zalebi da axla mxolod axal damxmare jaris
nawils SeeZlo brZolis gadawyveta, suvorovma
general melass werili gaugzavna, romelSic
werda, rom misi rezervis
daxmarebas eloda. dRis
sami saaTisaTvis melasis jarma frangTa marjvena flangs Seutia. am
dros Sedga brZolis gadamwyveti faza. melasis
mosvlis Semdeg mokavSireTa mTelma armiam Setevebi ganaaxla. frangebs
rezervi ar hyavdaT da male iZulebulebi gaxdnen ukan daexiaT. melasma
kraisTan erTad frangTa susti marcxena flangi ukuagdo da axla
centrisken motrialda. sen-sirma
ukan daixia. bagrationma
da derfeldenma novis dacva gaarRvies da qalaqi daikaves. generalma
morom saRamos eqvs saaTze saerTo ukandaxeva brZana. generali
gruSi ramdenjerme daiWra da tyved Cavarda. saRamos
rva saaTze brZola damTavrda. Ramem
ixsna frangebi sruli ganadgurebisagan. safrangeTis
armiam Svidi aTas kacamde danakargi naxa. sami
aTasi tyved Cavarda. mokavSireebs
arc ise iafi daujdaT es gamarjveba da Svidi aTasamde jariskaci
daexocaT an mZimed daeWraT.
gaxarebulma
imperatorma pavle I-ma brZolis monawileebi uxvad daajildova, daRupuli
generlebis ojaxebs pensia dauniSna, suvorovs
ki miswera, rom man
yvelaze maRal samxedro wodebaze ufro maRali daimsaxura.
italiaSi
gamarjvebebisTvis suvorovma”generalsimusoba”miiRo, rac
yvelaze maRali samxedro wodeba iyo. avstriis
iperatorma generalsimuss saRvTo romis imperiis grafoba misca. suvorovma
SesZlo da italia frangebisagan mokle droSi gawminda. gamarjvebebi
romelTac mokavSireebi aRwevdnen ara marto maTi jaris siZlieriT da
ricxovnobiT gamomdinareobda, aramed
maTi mTavarsardlis Wkvianuri svlebiT.
CrdiloeT
italiis ganTavisuflebis Semdeg suvorovi safrangeTSi apirebda SeWras,
magram es gegma misma
mokavSireebma CaSales, romelbic
fiqrobdnen, rom rusebi
amis Semdeg xmelTaSua zRvispireTs TavianT gavlenis sferod aqcevdnen.
inglisma
da avstriam moindomes ruseTis jaris CrdiloeT italiidan moSoreba. suvorovs
ebrZana, rom avstriis
jari italiaSi daetovebina, TviTon
ki SveicariaSi gadasuliyo da iq general rimski-korsakovis korpuss
SeerTeboda. amis Semdeg
mas safrangeTSi laSqroba unda daewyo. ruseTis
jarma eqvs dRe-RameSi 150 kilometri gaiara da alesandriidan
tavernomde Cavida. rusTa
da avstrielTa armia, romelsac
suvorovi meTaurobda avstrielebma kargad ar moamagarges
surasT-sanovagiT da tyvia-wamliT. laSqroba
ufro garTulda. 31
agvistos rusTa jarma Sveicariisken moZraoba daiwyo, ai
suvorovmac daiwyo Tavisi sayvareli sardaliviT, hanibaliviT
jaris alpebze gadayvana, Tumca
hanibals italiisken gadahyavda jari suvorovs _Sveicariisken. orive
alpuri laSqroba istoriis furclebs amSvenebs da erTimeoreze ufro
sainteresoa. marTalia
hanibalis dros Zv. wT III saukune iyo, xolo
suvorovis dros XVIII, magram
laSqroba alpebze isev iseTive rTulad rCeboda, rogorc
hanibalis dros. marTali
rom vTqvaT, suvorovsac
aranaklebi zarali unaxia evropis am mTagrexilis gadalaxvisas. suvorovis
Sveicariuli laSqroba gmiruli da mamacuri Seteva iyo frangTa armiaze,
magram mas dadebiTi
Sedegi ar mohyolia. miTumetes
frangebs niWieri, mamaci
da gamocdili generali andre masena sardlobdaT. masena
erTnairad kargad icavda Tavs da utevda mters. kargad
icoda TavdacviTi nagebobebis da teritoriuli adgilmdebareobis
gamoyeneba, kargi
taqtikosi da strategosi iyo. amitom
suvorovisTvis advili ar iyo aseT mTavarsardalTan gamklaveba. masenas
xelqveiT mTeli franguli armia gaerTianda da TiTqmis 90000-s miaRwia.
pirveli
seriozuli brZolebi suvorovs sen-gotardis uReltexilTan mouxda. garSemo
mTebi iyo, cicaboebi da
ufskrulebi. frangebi
uReltexilze gamagrdnen da rusebis orive Seteva moigeries. suvorovma
SemovliTi manevrisaTvis Tavisi sayvareli generali petre bagrationi
gagzavna grenaderebiT. jariskacebi
cocviT ahyvnen cicabo kldes. sen-gotardisTvis
unda SemoevloT ise, rom
mtrisTvis zurgSi daertyaT. frangebma
mainc SeniSnes isini da srola dauwyes. rusebi
ukuiqcnen. petre
bagrationma TavzexelaRebuli SeteviT mainc aiyvana jari sen-gotardze,
mas suvorovi mieSvela
jaris sxva nawilebiT. frangebma
ukan daixies. bagrationma
am brZolaSi suvorovis qeba daimsaxura.
suvorovi
sen-gotardis uReltexilze
(adolf
Sarlemanis naxati, 1855) |
sen-gotards
rom gascdnen, rusebi
reisas xeobaSi Cavidnen. mdinare
reisa swrafi mTis mdinare iyo. mdinareze
viwro xidi aeSenebinaT adre. frangebs
misi centraluri nawili aefeTqebinaT da mopirdapire mxares iyvnen
Casafrebuli. rusebma
ramdenimejer scades xidTan misvla, magram
Casafrebuli frangebi zusti sroliT musrs avlebdnen maT. rusebma
didi msxverplis fasad mainc moaxerxes ficrebis mitana xidTan, gades
isini afeTqebul adgilas, gadavidnen
mdinareze da mters ukan daaxevines. rusebi
gzas agrZelebdnen. saSinlad
uWirdaT, mterTan
Setakebebi mosdiodaT.
suvorovma
ver miuswro rimski-korsakovis korpuss da masenam es jaris nawili
ciurixis maxloblad sastikad daamarcxa 16-17 agvistos. rusebma
didi zarali naxes. frangi
generali lekurbi suvorovs xels uSlida da winaaRmdegobas uwevda. es
kidev ufro amZimebda rusTa mdgomareobas. lekurbma masenas, morties,
molitors da luazons
Seatyobina suvorovis marSruti da misi jaris mdgomareoba da
ricxovnoba.
suvorovis
jaris bolo nawilebi Tvramet seqtembers mutenis velza iyvnen. aq
miiRo suvorovma cnobebi rimski-korsakovis sastiki damarcxebis
Sesaxeb. rusebi
frangebze ufro cudad momaragebulebi iyvnen da ricxovnobiTac
CamorCebodnen. ruseTis
armiam ukandaxeva daiwyo. masenam
Seteva wamoiwyo. frangebma
rusebi ukuagdes da zaralic miayenes. bagrationi,
romelic ariegards
meTaurobda, did
winaaRmdegobas uwevda frangebs da ramdenjerme ukan daaxevina
maT.
suvorovis
armia alpebSi
(vasili
surikovis naxati, 1899) |
dasaxleba
nefelsTan sastiki brZolebi gaimarTa da es adgili xelidan-xelSi
gadadioda. bagrationi
ruseTis armias medgrad icavda da frangebs dro da dro TviTonac
utevda. amave adgilebSi
moxda Sveicariis laSqrobis yvelaze didi brZola. 10000-iani
franguli jari rusTa 4000-ian ariegards daesxa Tavs, frangebi
SeaCeres da miloradoviCis sami polkis mosvlis Semdeg rusebi TviTon
gadavidnen Setevaze. frangebma
ukan daixies. rozenbergma
Zalebi 7000 jariskacamde gazarda da brZolisTvis moemzada. masenam
mokriba Tavisi Zalebi, daaxloebiT
15000 jariskaci da isev Setevaze gadavida. frangebma
rusebs Zlieri cecxliT aiZules ukan daxeva. maT
frangTa jaris mTavari nawili daedevnaT. rusebi
sam xazad moewyvnen sabrZolod. TiToeul
sabrZolo xazs erTmaneTs samasi metri aSorebda, kavaleria
flangebze idga, rezervSi
velickis da fersteris polkebi idgnen, frangebma mteri axlos miuSves
da grigaliseburi cecxli gauxsnes. rusebma
maonc moaxerxes miaxloeba da xelCarTul brZolaSi Caebnen. rusebi
gaafTrebiT ibrZodnen da mters ukan daaxevines. frangebi
damarcxdnen da zarali naxes 3000 kacamde daWrilebiT da daxocilebiT. rusebma
700-mde jariskaci dakarges. rozenbergis
gamarjvebam laSqrobas warmatebulis elferi misca. avstrielebma
da rusebma ilancesken daixies ukan da iq sursaT-sanovagis maragi
miiRes. iqidan rusebi
sofel kurs miadgnen. suvorovis
Sveicariuli laSqroba uSedegod dasrulda. male
suvorovs rimski-korsakovic SeuerTda Tavisi jaris narCenebiT. suvorovma
axali jildoebi miiRo, magaliTad
maria terezas pirveli xarisxis ordeni. rusTa
jari bavariisa da bohemiis gavliT midioda, is erTxans cixe-simagre
SkvorecSi gaCerda da eloda frangebTan omis mosalodnel wamowyebas. O
omi aRar ganaxlebula da
rusebma samSobloSi dabruneba daiwyes.
krakovSi suvorovma mTavarsardloba rozenbergs gadaabara.
gzad moxuci rusi feldmarSali avad gaxda da daba kobrinSi
gaCerda. male suvorovi
momjobinda da gza gaagrZela. peterburgSi
Casvlamde suvorovi d. xvostovis saxlSi gaCerda.
pavle I-ma uari Tqva italiis kampaniis gmiris miRebaze.
mefem Serisxa moxuci feldmarSali da Tavidan moiSora. amboben,
rom sikvdilis win suvorovma Tqva:me mzad var ufals Cavabaro
angariSi, magram
xelmwifeze axla fiqric ki ar minda. 1800
wlis 18 maiss suvorovi gardaicvala da is dakrZales aleqsandre
nevelis lavraSi. mis
saflavze erTi ubralo, magram
mravalniSnovani warweraa:”aq ganisvenebs suvorovi”.
suvorovi
rogorc ruseTis, aseve
msoflio istoriis erT-erTi udidesi mxedarmTavaria. man
35 didi brZola Caatara da ar damarcxebula. am
adamianma msoflios Tavisi samxedro niWi da unari ramdenime
brwyinvale kampaniiT daanaxva da daamtkica, rom
ruseTis jarebi da misi mTavarsardlebi evropaSi erT-erTi saukeTesoebi
iyvnen.
|