Napoleonic Society of Georgia

Cveni Rrma rwmeniT baironis SemTxvevaSi aluzia, anu qaragma, rogorc stilisturi xerxi, absoliturad unikalur Sinaars iZens. lord baironi ara marto qaragmiT mouxmobs miTologiur, bibliur literaturul da istoriul saxeebs, aramed mistiur urTierTobaSi Sedis maTTan Tavisi cxovrebiT. ufro zustad, is mudmiv kavSirSia maTTan da xSirad iwvevs kidec didebs SejibrSi, raTa amiT maTi cxovrebis reinkarnacia moaxdonos.

modiT erTad warmovidgenoT lord baironi 10 wlis asakSi, rodesac is niusteds, mis sagvareulo mamulsa da sasaxles ewvia. ujaxis advokatma, mister hansonma axalgazrda lordsATavad daaTvalierebina momijnave mamulebi da gaacno mezoblebs. ase gaacno man baironi masze 2 wliT ufros gogonas meri Cavorss. meri im ojaxis Svili gaxldaT, romlis winaparic sruliad umizezoT mokla mexuTe lord baironma diulSi, swored man, visganac momaval poets lordis tituli ergo memkvidreobiT. mister hansons xumrobiT miumarTvas baironisaTvis: ~ai vin unda SeirTo colad, roca gaizrdebi, mamulebs gaaerTianebT da bednierad icxovrebTo~.

gavida wlebi da bairons marTlac Seuyvarda meri Cavorsi. ~verafriT ver aviZule, dabrundes skolaSi, werda misis baironi. mas araferi ainteresebs, garda siyvarulisa, rac Cemi azriT yvela sneulebaze uaresia~.

baironma Tavisi uiRblo siyvaruli merisadmi asaxa leqsSi ~sizmari~, romelic aranakleb sevdiani ambavia, vidre ambavi romeosa da julietasi.

leqsiT `sestosidan abidosamde~ baironi mouxmobs herosa da leandris miTs. baironma es leqsi mxolod maSin dawera, roca marTlac gadacura dardanelis srute, anu miTologiuri helesponti sestosidan abodosamde da amiT gaacocxla leandris miTi -– mamaci Wabukis gmiroba da Tavganwirva.

herosa da leandris miTi mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli oqros sawmisisa da medeas miTTan. evripides medea xom im berZnul piesaTagania, romelic esqiles promeTes gvediT gansakuTrebiT gulze xvdeboda bairons.

aqve isic unda aRiniSnos, rom esqiles promeTe da evropides medea gaxlavT is sayrdeni, romelic gamoavlens ara marto baironsa da saberZneTs Soris arsebul kulturul kavSirebs, aramed, migvaniSnebs sulier siaxloveze TviT baironsa da saqarTvelos Soris. argonavtebis miTi sayovelTaod cnobilia. cnobialia, rom oqros sawmisis mosapoveblda isini kolxeTs Camovidnen. kolxeTis samefos formireba Savi zRvis sanapiroze Cvens welTaRricxvamde me-9 saukuniT TariRdeba. Tavad medea ki gaxlavT kolxeTis mefis asuli.

rac Seexeba promeTes, is kavkasionzea mijaWvuli. qarTuli miTi amiranze savsebiT Seesatyviseba promeTes miTs. rogorc Cans, maTi gmirobis ambavi umTavresad berZnuli gziTa da berZnuli civilizaciiT gaxda cnobili.

baironze did STabeWdilebas axdens medeas xasiaTi, amdenad baironi ver darCeboda gulgrili misi WarmoSobisadmi. 21 wlis asakSi is aqveynebs poemas `ingliseli bardebi da Sotlandieli mimomxilvelebi~, sadac saqarTvelos ~rogorc silamazis mSobliur mxares~ moixseniebs. rogorc Cans, es medeaTic aris ganpirobebuli, rameTu man icis medeas kolxuri, da Sesabamisad, qarTuli warmoSoba.

baironi xSirad mimarTavs kolxel jadoqars, rogorc ~Cemo mis medea~, da mTeli cxovreba eZebs mas. mas Seuyvardeba ubralo venecieli qali margarita koni, rameTu is medeas Camohgavs.

araa aucilebloba imisa, rom aq Cven napoleonis, an baironis miTi warmovadginoT. orive maTgani mtkicedaa fesvgamdgari Cvens cnobierebaSi. rac Seexeba kavSirs napoleonsa da bairons Soris, es, TavisTavad, Cvens interess warmoadgens.

napoleonis biografiaSi gansakuTrebiTaa aRsaniSnavi 1796 wlis 10 maisi, rodesac man avstrielebi daamarcxa italiis CrdiloeTiT da lodis brZola moigo, riTac pirvelad gamoafxizla evropa. maSin 26 wlis generali TeTr cxenze amxedrebuli dahqroda. gamarjvebiT STagonebulma, man milanSi 5 dRis Semdeg axali triumfi izeima. avstrielTa jarebis damarcxeba Zveli ideebis damarcxebas moaswavebda. Tavganwirva axla ukve modad qceuliyo.

tomas muris Tanaxmad, 5 wlis asakSi baironi gaumaZRari, xarbi da yovlis STanmTqmeli mkiTxvelia. 8 wlis asakSi mas napoleoni mosvenebas ar aZlevs. misi ideebi napoleonze didaa aris STagonebuli misi eqscentruli dedis, misis baironis mier, romelic aRrfTovanebas ver faravs napoleoniT.

meore movlena, ramac axalgazrda baironze didi STabeWdileba moaxdina, iyo napoleonis egvipturi laSqroba. yovelive aman didi gavlena iqonia Tavad napoleonze. ~maRal reputacias mxolod aRmosavleTSi SeiZleba miaRwio~, - uTqvams mas. mas isic uTqvams: ~egvipteSi gatarebuli dro umSvenieresi xanaa Cems cxovrebaSi~.

armosavleTma didad SesZra romantikosi poetebisa da mwerlebis suli. Tavad baironis ~Caild haroldi~ aRmosavleTSi mogzaurobis Sedegad Seiqmna:portugalia, espaneTi, malta, TurqeTi, saberZneTi. ~yvelaze bednieri me saberZneTSi viyavi da Tu odesme rame damiweria… . . . es iyo saberneTSi an saberZneTis gamo - werda baironi.

1789 wlis safrangeTis revoluciam, romelmac gza misca despotizmis ganadgurebas, mzera aRmosavleTisaken miapyro. inglisisa da safrangeTisaTvis aRmosavleTi iyo is adgili, romelzedac werdnen da romliskenac miiswrafodnen, Tumca 1803-05 wlebSi britaneTSi aRiniSneba SiSi imisa, rom napoleoni inglisSi SemoaRwevs, am anti-frangul da anti-napoleonur konteqstSi 15 wlis baironi gaSmagebiT icavs naopoleonis biusts im studentebisagan, romlebic mis damsxvrevas lamoben. napoleoni, romelmac warmatebiT daamxo monarqebi da gaanTavlisufla Cagruli xalxebi, liberalurad moazrovne axalgazrda lordisaTvis kerpad iqca.

bairons ar aSinebs droisa da sivrcis manZili, roca surs ganasaxieros da gaacocxlos Zlieri ama qveynisa Tavisi cxovrebiT. da mianc, napoloeni xom Zalzed axlosaa droSic, sivrceSic da ideebSic.

baironis damokidebuleba napoleonisadmi rTulia. baironi napoleons promeTesTan aigivebs da amave dros Tavad miiswrafvis napoleonisaken, rameTu is ganmaTavlisufleblad miaCnia. rogorc naoileonis TvalsaCion mkvlevari devid markhami aRniSnavs,á ~baironi iyenebs napoleonsá raTa misgan gmiri Seqmnas.þis cdilobs napoleonis miTi Camoayalibos. amave dros igi yuradRebiT adevnebs Tvalyurs misi karieris istoriul ganviTarebas.~

yovelive es bairons saSualebas aZlevs erTmanesisagan ganasxvavos despoturi reJimis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli gmiri da kontinentze dominirebis azriT Sepyrobili ipmperatori.

baironi arafris idializebas ar axdens. misi sityvebia: ~me arafers vuaryof, magram yvelaferSi eWvi Semaqvs.~ igi ambivalenturia ara marto sakuTari dedisa da samSoblos mimarTac, aramed saberZneTisa da napoleonis mimarT. baironi aRfrTovanebaSi moyavs naoleonis Zalauflebas, rodesac is ganmaTavisufleblad gvevlineba, magram baironi gulwrfelad ubeduria maSin, rodesac napoleoni Tavadve Seuracxofs Tavis Zalauflebas.

droTa ganmavlobaSi baironic im britanel poetTa ricxvSi Cadgeba, romlebic ar patioben napoleons damyroblur moqmedebas. maT Soris arian kolriji, sauti, vodsvorTi, skoti, Seli. napoleoniT imedgacruelbul bairons moTxovnileba uCndeba Tavad Caidinos sagmiro saqmeni. es mas bevrad ufro mniSvnelovnad miaCnia, vidre poeziis Seqmna. 26 wlis asakSi lord baironma ganacxada ~leqsis weraze xeli aviReo. ukeTesi saqme rom iSovos kacma, kalami xelSi ra asaRebiao,~ - abmobda igi. ~iyo pirveli kaci, ara diqtatori, ara sula, aramed vaSingtoni, an aristide, winamZRoli niWiT da simarTliT, es niSnavs iyo RmerTkaci~.

~moqmedeba, moqmedeba da moqmedeba~, - ambobda demosTene. ~rac SeiZleba meti moqmedeba da moqmedeba, vambob me, da ara wera, yvelaze nakleb ki leqsisa,~- ityvis baironi.

1814 wlis 9 aprilis dilas mas tomas murisaTvis miuweria:~leqsebs metad aRar davwer, ufro zustad maT Semgan nuRar eliT. me mivdivar am scenidan da aRar msurs masxaraoba. me mqonda Cemi dro da vici rom is dasrulda. . . am droebiT saxels imis xarjze mivaRwie, rom sayovelTaod miRebul azrebsa da cru rwmenas kriWaSi Cavudeqi, mmarTvel Zalas arasodes vpirferobdi da rasodes damifaravs Tundac erTi azri, romelic me amaRelvebda.~

imave saRamos bairons gazeTiT Seutyvia napoleonis taxtidan gadadgomis ambavi, rasac erTianad SeuZravs poeti. igi wers dRiurSi:~iqneb gvirgvini arc Rirs Tavis mokvlad, magram rogor SesZlo aqamde mosvla man, vinc lodSi brZola moigo. am arsebasTan SedarebiT Tavi mweri mgonia, da mainc gacilebiT patara raimes gamo sicocxle gamiwiravso. oh, RmerTo Cemo! am saimperio almazs zadi hqonia da axla is meSuSes Tu gamoadgeba Tavis saWrelSi, Torem istorikoss is axla erT dukatadac aRar uRirs. Tumc dRes is yvela Tayvaniscemelma miatova da yvela gaurbis, zurgs me mas mainc ar Sevaqcevo~.

napoleonis gadadgomis ambavma bairons sityva gaatexina. meore dRes mas niaRvariviT waskda riTmebi. mis dRiurSi vkiTxulobT: ~vivarjiSe krivSi. rac ufro metad viRlebi, miT ufro ukeTesi ganwyobileba meufleba. davwere ~oda napoleon bonapartisadmi~, gadavwere, SevWame 6 galeti, davlie 4 boTli sodiani wyali~.

ai ase Seiqmna ~oda napoleon bonapartisadmi~. umkacresi ganaCeni òônapoleonis mimarT, romelic odesme poeturi eniT gadmocemula.

I
morCa, gaTavda! gvirgvinosan mefes guSindels,
dapyrobis JiniT aRtyinebuls, aRsavses risxviT,
dRes mTlad dacemuls, kvlav gwadia ar
SeuSinde
mrisxane beds da sicocxlisTvis amaod ibrZvi!
Sen mraval taxtTa dampyrobeli da mterTa
mZlevi,
vinc dedamiwa moqiSpeTa gaavse ZvlebiT,
vinc mcdarad iyav miCneuli varskvlavad ciskris –xar upovari, aw aRarvin aRar gemonvis,
ase arc kaci dacemula da arc demoni.

ai am sityvebiT mimarTvas baironi Tavis yofil kerps: ~mTlad adacemuli~, ~SeSlilad gracxav~, `sulo boroto~, ~Senebr flidi~, ~gmiroba Seni avi suliT namoqmedari~ da sxva.

baironis Rrma rwmeniT, napoleoni jobda momkvdariyo, vidre gadamdgariyo:

momkvdariyavi jobda savse Rirsebis sxiviT,
momavals iqneb kidev eSva sxva Senebr didi,
Tuki sircxvili kacTamodgmas kvlav uweria.

es Tvalsazrisi aris ZiriTadi mizezi im sasowarkveTisa da imedgacruebisa, romelmac poeti tragikul gancdamde miiyvana.

~oda~ cxrameti strofisagan Sedgeba. misi moqalaqeobrivi JReradoba gansakuTrebiT finalSi gamoikveTeba. baironi warmoadgens mTels galereas ZlerTa ama qveynisa:sula, dionise umcrosi, karl me-V, Temur lengi, jorj vaSingtoni, romelic romael diqtotorTan da legendarul gmirTan cincinatusTan aris Sedarebuli.

XIX
did pirovnebebs warsulisas SevavloT Tvali!
samagaliTos da sagmiros cota gviambobs.
SeubRalavi vin datova didebis kvali,
arodes iyo vin uRirsi da uniaTo?
gamorCeuli simamaciT, sindis-namusiT
moCans bneleTSi dasavleTis cincinatusi,–
jorj vaSingtoni _ viT anderZi, marad kiafobs!
qveynad is iyo erTaderTi, pirvelic, boloc,
Semarcxvenelic kacTamodgmis erTia mxolod!

jorj vaSingtonTan SedarebiT yvela Zlieri ama qveynisa marcxdeba. saubedurod yvelasTan mimarTebaSi marcxdeba Tavad misi yofili kerpi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom kontrasti vaSingtonisa, romelic viT anderZi marad kiafobs, napoleonTan, romelic poetma warmosaxa, rogorc Semarcxveneili kacTa modgmisa, damatebiT qveteqsts qmnis da aSS pirveli prezidenti warmoCindeba, rogorc magaliTi momavali TaobebisaTvis, ideali kacobriobis naTelisa. strofis bolo xazi ~Semarcxvenelic kacTa modgmisa erTi mxolod~ daskvniTi ganaCenia napoleonis mimarT, romelic me-11 strofSi gamoxatuli azriTaa ganmtkicebuli:~Tuki sircxvili kacTamodgmas kvlav uweria~.

amdenad, bolo xazi napoleonisadmi mimarTuli aluziaa, rac samwuxarod arasworadaa interpirebuli valeri brusovis rusul TargmanSi. 1988 wels, Sevasrule ra ~odis~ Targmani, Sevecade saTanadod ameJRerebina es striqoni qarTul variantSi.

ismis kiTxva: baironis mier warmodgenil galereaSi aris Tu ara promeTe? diax, promeTes eZRvneba poemis 16 strofi:

XVII
dro iyo, roca mTels qveyanas flobdnen galebi
da maT ganmgeblad Sen gaqcia mere JamTa svlam;
raRad iRvwodi daucxromlad da gamalebiT,
rad ar indome simaRlidan nebiT gadasvla?
aamaRlebda es yoveli Sens wminda saxels,
ganacvifrebda gamarjvebis mravalis mnaxvels,
da marengosac daCrdilavda Tvis tramalebiT,
gaanaTebda binds mowolils, viT saswauli,
Tumca, Rrublebi dacuravdnen danaSaulis.

saqme imaSi, rom ~oda~ Tavdapirvelad mxolod 16 strofisagan Sedgeboda da momdevno sami strofi poets gamomcemlis TxovniT Seusrulebia. amdenad leqsis finali promeTesadmi iyo miZRvnili. bairons swamda, rom napoleoni promeTes reinkarnacias SesZlebda, rac saubedurod ar moxda.

miuxedavad imisa, rom ~oda~ gagrZelda da napoleoni damarcxebulia rogorc miTologiur promeTesTan, aseve istoriul vaSingtonTan mimarTebaSi, amosaval wertilad ~promeTe~ rCeba. napoleoniT imedgacruebuli baironi axla Tavad miiswrafvis, Tundac gaucnobiereblad, promeTes resinkarnaciisaken.

bairons odis Seqmnidan zustad 10 weli dasWirda, raTa saberZneTis ganmaTavisuflebeli gmiris misia Seesrulebina da momkvdariyo iseve amayad, rogorc amas promeTe gaakeTebda.

~oda~ 1814 wlis apilSi Seiqmna, baironi 1824 wlis aprilSi gardaicvala. misma sikvdilma SeZra mTeli msoflio da gaamTliana. igi iqca uangaro patriotizmis simbolod da saberZneTis erovnul gmirad.

ismis kiTxva: rogori iyo baironisaTvis es aTi weli? rogor mivida is am Tavganwirvamde da ukvdavebamde? Seqcia Tu ara man napoleons zurgi? pasuxi erTia: ara, aramc da aramc. man Seasrula is piroba, romelic 1814 wlis 9 aprils dado: ~Tumc igi yvelam miatova, me mas zurgs mainc ar Sevaqcevo~.

napoleonis gadagomisTanave, baironi apiribs megobarTan erTad gaemgzavros safrangeTs da napoloenis nakvalevi moinaxulos. mogvianebiT 1816 wels baironi meore mogzaurobaSi miemgzavreba. igi ukveTavs asls napoleonis etlisa, romelic aRWurvilia bibloTekiT, WurWlis karadiTa da sasadilo aRWurvilobiT. napolenis msgavsad mas Tan miyavs piradi eqimi da biografi. ase gaemgzavra baironi inglisidan 1816 wlis 23 aprils. napoleonis etli miaqnebda mas mSfoTvare covrebisaken Sveicariasa da italiaSi. antverpenSi baironi napoleonis sazRvao flotis bazebs ufro metad mohyavs aRtacebaSi vidre flamanduri skolis ferwerul tiloebs. am etliT igi gaivlis simplonis napoleoniseul gzas alpebze.

milanSi baironi Sexvdeba poet montis da mweral henri beils, cnobils, rogorc stendals. bairons aRafrTovanebs montis mier napoleonis sadideblad Seqmnili leqsi. baironSi gansakuTrebul interess iwvevs, stendali, rogorc napolenTan daaxloebuli pirovneba ruseTis laSqrobis dros.

prof. jon klabis Tanaxmad, 1818 wlis ivlisi fataluri Tvea baironis literaturul cxovrebaSi, rameTu igi erTdoulad iwyebs muSaobas ~don Juansa~ da ~memuarebze~. mkvlevari varaudobs, rom pasuxi orive SemTxvevaSi erTia. baironi napoleoniTaa STagonebuli. am periodSi misi gamomcemeli jon mari Warbad amaragebs bairons napolenze arsebuli literaturiT. baironi ecnoba napoleonis avtobiografias. naoplenis sagmiro saqmeebiT aRfTovanebuli, igi ver guobs mis sityvas. bairons ar surs sityvis samyaro napoleons dauTmos. prof. klabis azriT, ~napoleonma~ daipyro samyaro brZolebiT. bairons surs is sityviT daipyros. Cven aRvgvafrTovanebs prof klabis azri, rodesac is ityvis:~sityviT miRweuli triumfi gacilebiT ufro dRegrZelia, vidre sagmiro saqmiT miRweuli triumfio.~ da mainc, am Svenier azrs ar SegviZlia ar davupirispiroT Cveni azri imis Sesaxeb, rom baironiseuli gamarjveba, es araa mxolod sityvebiT miRweuli gamarjveba. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, baironma gamarjvebas TavdadebiTa da TavganwirviT miaRwia. mis SemTxvevaSi moxda sityvisa da saqmis Tanxvedra. mas ar dauzogavs sakuTari sicicxle, man samyaros sikvdilisaTvis mzadyofna ganucxada da sicocxle saberZneTs Seswira. ai is, rac aklda napoleoniseul legendas. ~don JuanSi~ baironi ityvis: ~me vibrZoleb sul mcire sityvebiT, da roca saSualeba momecema saqmiT~.

msurs gavixseno ledi baironis naTvqami sakuTar meuRleze:~is iyo sityvebis absolituri monarqi da maT ise iyenebda, rogorc bonaparte adamianebis sicocxles, rodesac igi maT Sinagan Rirebulebas ugulebelyofda.

ledi bairons xasiaTSi hqonda arasworad emsjela didi ingliseli poetis Sesaxeb, sityvebi, romlebic gancdaTa siRrmidan moedinebodnen, da romlebic sabrZolvelad ganawyobdnen, arasodes yofilan moklebulni Sinagan Rirebulebebs. bairons Tavad aRaSfoTebda napoleonis ugulo damokidebuleba sxvaTa mimarT:

~rac dedamiwam SenTvis omSi sisxli daRvara,
gaRmerTebuli Sen sakuTars mudam zogavdi~ - am sityvebiT mimarTavs baironi napoleons.

rogorc irkveva, napoleonisadmi miswrafeba baironisa gansakuTrebiT xangrZlivia, ufro zustad ki, mudmivia. Cveni Rrma rwmeniT, es aris artistuli miswrafeba, ganasaxieros da iTamaSos cxovrebaSi napoleoni. es ar aris TamaSi kopirebiT, es aris TamaSi srulqmniT, srulyofiT. baironi TamaSobs napoleons da suls STaberavs mis ganmaTavisublebel miswrafebebs. is srulqmnis mas sakuTari TavdadebiTa da TavganwirviT.

dRes sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom bairinma sikvdiliT gaakeTa is, rac ver gaakeTa sicocxliT, da ramac saberZneTi bolo gamarjvebamde miiyvana. gmiruli sikvdili iyos is, rac aklda napolenis legendas. mis TanamedroveobaSi arsebuli legendis ufskruli baironma sakuTari sikvdiliT Seavso. es iyo sagmiro sikvdili da amiT igi promeTes miuaxlovda. ufro metic, man Tavad promeTes reikarnacia ganaxorciela.

rodesac Cven vafasebT baironis miTs da mis rols kacobriobis istoriaSi, unda gvaxsovdes, rom baironiseuli gamarjveba miRweulia ara mxolod im kacis mier, romelic gaxldaT erTaderTi vaJi jon baironisa da ketrin gordonia, rogorc pirdapiri STamomavali erTi mxriv mamaci da eqscentruli arsitoktebisa, xolo meore mxriv mari stuartisa, aramed im kacis mier, romelmac SesZlo da sakuTar pirovnebaSi gaacocxla mravali Zlieri ama qveynisa, gansakuTrebiT promeTe, da gansakuTrebiT napoleoni.